Development Intent
InvestigationsRefusal Hotspots
Planning AtlasInvestigationsRefusal Hotspots
Where it’s hard · Free

London’s refusal map.

Where the published record has the lowest and highest approval rates. Borough case mix differs, so this is not a claim that the same scheme would receive a different answer. Use the type and year filters to make closer comparisons.

63%
lowest approval — Barking And Dagenham
37 in 100 refused
98%
highest — City Of London
98 in 100 approved
35pts
gap, top to bottom
observed borough rates
66,970
applications refused
across London, on record
Approval rate across London — All schemes · all years
Loading map…
low
highhover a borough
Slice it your wayPro
Scheme type — recolours the map/table above (real per-borough data)
Year
Compare two boroughs
63%
All schemes · all years
89%
All schemes · all years

Filter approval by scheme type and year, compare any two boroughs, and watch the free map recolour live — with real data, not an estimate.

Unlock with Pro →
The hardest boroughs — ranked by approval

Lowest approval first. 18 boroughs approve fewer than 4 in 5. Click any for its full record.

1Barking And Dagenham
63%
2Croydon
68%
3Brent
70%
4Hounslow
70%
5Havering
71%
6Kingston Upon Thames
71%
7Enfield
73%
8Greenwich
73%
9Harrow
74%
10Redbridge
74%
11Sutton
75%
12Waltham Forest
75%
Why London refuses

The policies most often cited verbatim in the parsed London refusal notices. These are citation counts, not a coded taxonomy of “design” or “overdevelopment” — we show what the available notices actually say.

NPPF11,934×
D3 of the London Plan (2021)953×
7.1, 7.4 and 7.6 of The London Plan744×
38, 39 and 40 of the City Plan 2019 - 2040708×
D3 and D4 of the London Plan (2021)660×
BP8 and BP11 of the Local Development Framework630×
D6 of the London Plan (2021)569×
BP8 and BP11 of the LDF Borough Wide Development Plan542×
D4 of the London Plan518×
S25 and S28 of Westminster's City Plan480×

From 205,098 decision notices parsed London-wide. Coverage varies by borough — see each borough's committee page for its own refusal citations where coverage is high enough to publish.

Related — follow the thread
The Planning Inspectorate
How often refusals are overturned at appeal
Open →
Committee Watch
When members refuse against officer advice
Open →
All investigations
The rest of the intelligence
Open →
Sources & method
Approval rates computed from decided applications by borough on the canonical record. A borough's rate is approvals ÷ (approvals + refusals); the ranked list orders by approval rate, lowest first. Policy citations are counted verbatim from parsed decision-notice text, London-wide; parsing confidence varies by borough, so per-borough refusal citations are only published for boroughs with high-confidence coverage (see that borough’s committee page).